AGRO FORESTRY

Definition of Agroforestry. Forms of agroforestry.
Importance of agroforestry.
Tree nursery.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term agroforestry.
Describe forms of agroforestry.
Explain the importance of agroforestry.
State factors considered when selecting the nursery site.
Describe treatment of nursery seeds.

Probing questions & explanations.
Q/A & discussions.

student book
Tree nurseries.

KLB BK IV
Pg 200-1

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 166-7
KLB BK IV
Pg 203-5

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 169-173

AGRO FORESTRY
AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC IV (FARM ACCOUNTS)

Nursery management practices & Care and management of trees.
Financial documents.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify practices carried out on the nursery in order to produce healthy tree seedlings.
Describe the care and management of trees.
Outline details contained in an invoice, receipt, delivery note and a purchase order.

Brain storming;
Discussion;
Practical activities ? transplanting seedlings.
Oral questions & brief discussion.

Tree nurseries.
Invoice, receipt, delivery note and a purchase order.

KLB BK IV
Pg 205-8

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 173-177

AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC IV (FARM ACCOUNTS)

Books of accounts.
Cash book.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of the ledger and the inventory.
Describe features of the cash book.
Balance cash book.

Oral questions & brief discussion.
Illustrative tables.
Illustrative examples.

Cash book.

KLB BK IV
Pg 146-150
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 124

AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC IV (FARM ACCOUNTS)

Journal & Subsidiary books of the Journal.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of the journal & subsidiary books of the journal.

Oral questions & brief discussion.
Illustrative tables.

KLB BK IV
Pg 151-3

AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC IV (FARM ACCOUNTS)

Financial statements. Balance sheet.
Solvency of a business.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of balance sheets.
Prepare a balance sheet.


Determine whether a business is solvent or insolvent.

Make entries in a balance sheet.
Prepare a balance sheet.
Supervised practice.

Balance sheet.

KLB BK IV
Pg 154-7
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 129-130
KLB BK IV
Pg 154-7
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 130

AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC IV (FARM ACCOUNTS)

Profit and loss account.
Cash analysis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define a profit and loss account.
Draw a profit and loss A/C.
Compute net profit.
Define the term cash analysis.
Draw a cash analysis.
Compute total receipt and total expenditure for a given accounting period.

Teacher gives format of profit and loss A/C.
Worked examples.
Supervised practice.
Written exercise.

chart 
chart

KLB BK IV
Pg 157-9
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 132-3

POULTRY

Composition of an egg.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify parts of an egg.
Describe the parts of an egg.

Drawing and labeling an egg.
Breaking an egg to examine its internal structure.

Eggs,

Chart ? parts of an egg.

KLB BK IV
Pg 1-2

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 1-2

POULTRY

Incubation of eggs.
Egg candling.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term incubation of eggs.
State characteristics of eggs for incubation.
Describe candling of eggs.

Q/A and discussion.
Practical activity. Observing internal structure of an egg.
Make deductions from the observations.

eggs
Cardboard boxes,
Torch, eggs.

KLB BK IV
Pg 3-4
Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 2

POULTRY

Natural incubation.
Artificial incubation.
Management of an incubator. Merits & demerits of artificial incubation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State merits & demerits of natural incubation.
Identify management practices of an incubator.
Outline conditions necessary for artificial incubation.
Highlight management practices of an incubator.

State merits & demerits of artificial incubation.

Q/A & discussion.
Exposition, discussion & oral questions.
discussion,questions
Brain storming;
Probing questions;
Brief discussion.

Nesting box.
artificial incubator

KLB BK IV
Pg 5-6

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 3-4
KLB BK IV
Pg 8-9

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 5-6

POULTRY

Artificial brooding.
Brooder & brooder management.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify requirements for an artificial brooder.
Outline management practices of a brooder.

Exposition;
Probing questions;
Brief discussion.
Explanations;

Artificial brooder.

KLB BK IV
Pg 10-11
Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 8-9

POULTRY

Rearing of growers, layers and broilers.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss rearing of growers, layers and broilers.

Exposition;
Probing questions;
Brief discussion.

KLB BK IV
Pg 14
Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 12-13

POULTRY

Chicken rearing systems. -Free range rearing system.
- Fold system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State factors considered when choosing a rearing system.
Identify requirements for free-range system.
State merits & demerits of free rage system.
Describe fold system.
State merits & demerits of fold systems.

Q/A & discussion.

free range system
Chicken folds.

KLB BK IV
Pg 15-17

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 13-15

POULTRY

- Deep liter system.
- Battery cage system.
Factors affecting egg production. Vices.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the requirements for deep liter system of rearing chicks.
State merits & demerits of deep liter systems.
Describe the requirements for battery cage system of rearing chicks.
Identify causes of vices such as egg eating and cannibalism and measures taken for the vices.

Q/A & brief discussion.
Q/A & discussion.
Discussion: causes and control of vices.

deep littre system
Battery cages.

KLB BK IV
Pg 18-20

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 16-18
KLB BK IV
Pg 23-24
Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 20-21

POULTRY

Stress.
Culling birds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State causes of stress in birds.
Outline stress management practices.
Define the term culling.
Give reasons for culling of birds.

Q/A & discussion.
Brain storming;
Observing characteristics of a good / bad layer.
Discussion.

resource person

KLB BK IV
Pg 22-23
Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 20-21

POULTRY

Marketing eggs and chicken meat.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State factors considered in sorting and grading eggs for fresh markets.
Outline methods of killing a bird.
Describe dressing of a bird?s carcass.

Teacher?s demonstrations & discussion.

Topic review questions.

eggs

KLB BK IV
Pg 24-27

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 22-23

POULTRY
CATTLE

Raising of the young stock.
Methods of calf rearing.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the importance of feeding calves on colostrum.
Prepare artificial colostrum.
State merits & demerits of natural and artificial methods of calf rearing.

Q/A: qualities of colostrum.
Teacher?s demonstration: colostrum preparation.
Q/A & discussion.

Artificial colostrums.

KLB BK IV
Pg 28-29

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 25-26

CATTLE

Weaning of calves.
Rearing replacement stock.
Calf housing.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe early & late weaning of calves.
Describe routine management practices for rearing replacement stock.
Give reasons for carrying out varying routine practices.
Identify types of calf pens.
Outline requirements for calf pens.

Q/A, exposition & discussion.
Q/A: review common management routine practices.
Discussion & Q/A. parasite control, castration, disease control, identification, dehorning.
Exposition of new concepts.
Q/A & explanations.

Chart - weaning guide.
video
Calf houses.

KLB BK IV
Pg 30-32
Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 29-30
KLB BK IV
Pg 32-3

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 30

CATTLE

Routine management practices in poultry.
Factors affecting milk composition.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Analyze routine management practices in calf rearing.
Highlight factors affecting milk composition.

Q/A: review routine management practices in livestock.
Brief discussion.
Brain storming;
Probing questions;
Discussion.

video

KLB BK IV
Pg 34-36
Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 31

CATTLE

Milk secretion and let-down.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the structure of the mammary gland.
Describe the flow of milk from the alveoli to the teat canal.

Drawing and labeling diagram of the udder.
Exposition of new concepts.

Chart-
Structure of the udder.

KLB BK IV
Pg 38-40

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 33-34

CATTLE

Clean milk.
Milking materials and equipment.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State characteristics of clean milk.
Outline essentials of clean milk production.
List down necessary milking materials and equipment.
State the purpose of the milking materials and equipment.

Oral questions & brief discussion.
Brain storming;
Probing questions;
Discussion.

milk
Strip cup.

KLB BK IV
Pg 40-42
Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 34-35

CATTLE
CATTLE
FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Milking procedure and technique.
Dry cow therapy. Milk products. Marketing of milk and beef.
Sources of power in the farm.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Carry out milking using the correct milking procedure and technique.
Outline rules observed when milking.



Explain the concept of dry cow therapy.
Name various milk products.
Describe marketing of milk, beef & their by-products in Kenya.
Describe various sources of power in the farm.
State merits & demerits of each source of power.

Practical activity: milking by hand.

Probing questions on milking rules.

Explanations & brief discussion.
Q/A & discussion: animal power, wind power, waterpower, biogas, solar radiation, and fossil fuel.

Lactating cow, basic milking equipment.
solar,biogas,

KLB BK IV
Pg 44-46

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 37
KLB BK IV
Pg 46-47

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 38-40

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

The tractor: Petrol & diesel engines.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major parts of the tractor petrol & diesel engines.

Exposition of new concepts, drawing illustrative diagrams.

Chart- petrol engine & diesel engine.

KLB BK IV
Pg 57-58
Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 53-54

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

The four-stroke cycle engine.
The two- stroke cycle engine. Structural and functional differences between petrol and diesel engines.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the four strokes in an engine
State merits & demerits of the four-stroke cycle engine.
Describe the two strokes in a cycle.
State merits & demerits of two-stroke cycle engine.
State structural and functional differences between petrol and diesel engines.

Exposition of new concepts, drawing illustrative diagrams.
Exposition of new concepts,
drawing; illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.

Diagrams - The four-stroke cycle.
two stroke engine diagram

KLB BK IV
Pg 58-61

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 54-55

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Petrol fuel system of a tractor.
Diesel fuel system of a tractor.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the petrol fuel system of a tractor.
State maintenance practices of a petrol fuel system of a tractor.
Describe the diesel fuel system of a tractor.
State maintenance practices of a diesel fuel system of a tractor.

Block diagram: petrol engine fuel system.
Discussion.

diagram of a petrol fuel system
diagram of a diesel fuel system

KLB BK IV
Pg 63-64
Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 60-61

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Electrical system of a tractor.
Tractor ignition system.
Tractor cooling system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Name the components in the electrical system of a tractor.
Highlight methods of maintaining a tractor battery.
Name the components of tractor ignition system.
Correct some common faults of ignition system.
Discuss maintenance practices of the ignition system.
Briefly describe air-cooled and water-cooled systems.
Discuss proper maintenance of cooling system.

Refer to diagram for electrical system of a tractor;
Brief discussion.
Refer to a diagram for ignition system of a tractor;
Brief discussion.

Chart-  electrical system.
Chart - ignition system.
Chart- water cooling system.

KLB BK IV
Pg 65-67

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 61
KLB BK IV
Pg 67-69

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 62-63

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Lubrication system of an engine.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the lubrication system of an engine.
Outline importance of maintaining the lubrication system.

Exposition;
Brief discussion.

diagram of a lubrication system

KLB BK IV
Pg 71-72
Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 64-5

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Power transmission system of an engine.
Tractor servicing.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the function of power transmission system.
State the function of the clutch, gearbox and the differential.
Describe tractor servicing and maintenance practices.

Teacher exposes the parts of power transmission system.
Refer to diagrams to identify parts of a power transmission system;
Brief discussion.

Chart- power transmission
system.

KLB BK IV
Pg 72-76

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 64-65

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Tractor drawn implements.
Disc plough.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Classify tractor drawn implements on basis of attachment to the tractor.
List down maintenance practices for a trailer.
Label parts of a disc plough
List down maintenance practices for a disc plough.

Teacher?s explanations.
Q/A: maintenance practices.
Q/A: review primary and secondary cultivation.
Drawing labeled diagrams.
Q/A & discussion.

Charts-
Tractor drawn implements.
Chart- Disc plough

KLB BK IV
Pg 77-80

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 66-7

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Mould board plough.
Harrows.
Other farm implements.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State operational differences between the disc plough and mould board plough.

Identify types of harrows and their uses.
List down maintenance practices for harrows.
Explain the functional features of subsoilers, ridgers, rotary tillers & mowers.
List down maintenance practices for the
implements.

Drawing diagrams, Q/A & discussion.
Exposition & brief discussion.
Excursion & exhibitions.

Chart- Mould board plough

harrows 
illustrative video

KLB BK IV
Pg 80-82
Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 70-1
KLB BK IV
Pg 82-84
Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 72-77

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Animal drawn implements.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify parts of animal drawn implements and state their functions.
List down maintenance practices for an ox-plough, an ox-plough, and an ox-cart.
State merits & demerits of using animal-drawn implements compared to tractor power.

Drawing and labeling an ox-plough;
Probing questions;
Discussion.

Chart:
An ox-plough.

KLB BK IV
Pg 91-94


Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 82-83