POULTRY

Composition of an egg.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify parts of an egg.
Describe the parts of an egg.

Drawing and labeling an egg.
Breaking an egg to examine its internal structure.

Eggs,

Chart ? parts of an egg.

KLB BK IV
Pg 1-2

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 1-2

POULTRY

Incubation of eggs.
Egg candling.
Natural incubation.
Artificial incubation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term incubation of eggs.
State characteristics of eggs for incubation.
Describe candling of eggs.
State merits & demerits of natural incubation.
Identify management practices of an incubator.
Outline conditions necessary for artificial incubation.

Q/A and discussion.
Practical activity. Observing internal structure of an egg.
Make deductions from the observations.
Q/A & discussion.
Exposition, discussion & oral questions.
discussion,questions

eggs
Cardboard boxes,
Torch, eggs.
Nesting box.
artificial incubator

KLB BK IV
Pg 3-4
Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 2
KLB BK IV
Pg 5-6

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 3-4

POULTRY

Management of an incubator. Merits & demerits of artificial incubation.
Artificial brooding.
Brooder & brooder management.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight management practices of an incubator.
State merits & demerits of artificial incubation.
Identify requirements for an artificial brooder.
Outline management practices of a brooder.

Brain storming;
Probing questions;
Brief discussion.
Exposition;
Explanations;

Artificial brooder.

KLB BK IV
Pg 8-9

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 5-6

POULTRY

Rearing of growers, layers and broilers.
Chicken rearing systems. -Free range rearing system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss rearing of growers, layers and broilers.
State factors considered when choosing a rearing system.
Identify requirements for free-range system.
State merits & demerits of free rage system.

Exposition;
Probing questions;
Brief discussion.
Q/A & discussion.

free range system

KLB BK IV
Pg 14
Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 12-13

POULTRY

- Fold system.
- Deep liter system.
- Battery cage system.
Factors affecting egg production. Vices.
Stress.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe fold system.
State merits & demerits of fold systems.
Describe the requirements for deep liter system of rearing chicks.
State merits & demerits of deep liter systems.
Describe the requirements for battery cage system of rearing chicks.
Identify causes of vices such as egg eating and cannibalism and measures taken for the vices.
State causes of stress in birds.
Outline stress management practices.

Q/A & discussion.
Q/A & brief discussion.
Discussion: causes and control of vices.
Q/A & discussion.

Chicken folds.
deep littre system
Battery cages.
resource person

KLB BK IV
Pg 17-18
Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 15-16
KLB BK IV
Pg 23-24
Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 20-21

POULTRY

Culling birds.
Marketing eggs and chicken meat.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term culling.
Give reasons for culling of birds.
State factors considered in sorting and grading eggs for fresh markets.
Outline methods of killing a bird.
Describe dressing of a bird?s carcass.

Brain storming;
Observing characteristics of a good / bad layer.
Discussion.
Teacher?s demonstrations & discussion.
Topic review questions.

eggs

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 20-21

POULTRY
CATTLE
CATTLE

Raising of the young stock.
Methods of calf rearing.
Weaning of calves.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the importance of feeding calves on colostrum.
Prepare artificial colostrum.
State merits & demerits of natural and artificial methods of calf rearing.
Describe early & late weaning of calves.

Q/A: qualities of colostrum.
Teacher?s demonstration: colostrum preparation.
Q/A & discussion.
Q/A, exposition & discussion.

Artificial colostrums.
Chart - weaning guide.

KLB BK IV
Pg 28-29

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 25-26

CATTLE

Rearing replacement stock.
Calf housing.
Routine management practices in poultry.
Factors affecting milk composition.
Milk secretion and let-down.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe routine management practices for rearing replacement stock.
Give reasons for carrying out varying routine practices.
Identify types of calf pens.
Outline requirements for calf pens.
Analyze routine management practices in calf rearing.
Highlight factors affecting milk composition.
Describe the structure of the mammary gland.
Describe the flow of milk from the alveoli to the teat canal.

Q/A: review common management routine practices.
Discussion & Q/A. parasite control, castration, disease control, identification, dehorning.
Exposition of new concepts.
Q/A & explanations.
Q/A: review routine management practices in livestock.
Brief discussion.
Brain storming;
Probing questions;
Discussion.
Drawing and labeling diagram of the udder.
Exposition of new concepts.

video
Calf houses.
video
Chart-
Structure of the udder.

KLB BK IV
Pg 32-3

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 30
KLB BK IV
Pg 34-36
Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 31

CATTLE

Clean milk.
Milking materials and equipment.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State characteristics of clean milk.
Outline essentials of clean milk production.
List down necessary milking materials and equipment.
State the purpose of the milking materials and equipment.

Oral questions & brief discussion.
Brain storming;
Probing questions;
Discussion.

milk
Strip cup.

KLB BK IV
Pg 40-42
Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 34-35

CATTLE

Milking procedure and technique.
Dry cow therapy. Milk products. Marketing of milk and beef.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Carry out milking using the correct milking procedure and technique.
Outline rules observed when milking.
Explain the concept of dry cow therapy.
Name various milk products.
Describe marketing of milk, beef & their by-products in Kenya.

Practical activity: milking by hand.
Probing questions on milking rules.
Explanations & brief discussion.

Lactating cow, basic milking equipment.

KLB BK IV
Pg 44-46

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 37

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Sources of power in the farm.
The tractor: Petrol & diesel engines.
The four-stroke cycle engine.
The two- stroke cycle engine. Structural and functional differences between petrol and diesel engines.
Petrol fuel system of a tractor.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe various sources of power in the farm.
State merits & demerits of each source of power.
Identify major parts of the tractor petrol & diesel engines.
Describe the four strokes in an engine
State merits & demerits of the four-stroke cycle engine.
Describe the two strokes in a cycle.
State merits & demerits of two-stroke cycle engine.
State structural and functional differences between petrol and diesel engines.
Describe the petrol fuel system of a tractor.
State maintenance practices of a petrol fuel system of a tractor.

Q/A & discussion: animal power, wind power, waterpower, biogas, solar radiation, and fossil fuel.
Exposition of new concepts, drawing illustrative diagrams.
Exposition of new concepts,
drawing; illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.
Block diagram: petrol engine fuel system.

solar,biogas,
Chart- petrol engine & diesel engine.
Diagrams - The four-stroke cycle.
two stroke engine diagram
diagram of a petrol fuel system

KLB BK IV
Pg 50-56

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 42-53
KLB BK IV
Pg 61-63


Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 56-57

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Diesel fuel system of a tractor.
Electrical system of a tractor.
Tractor ignition system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the diesel fuel system of a tractor.
State maintenance practices of a diesel fuel system of a tractor.
Name the components in the electrical system of a tractor.
Highlight methods of maintaining a tractor battery.
Name the components of tractor ignition system.
Correct some common faults of ignition system.
Discuss maintenance practices of the ignition system.

Block diagram: petrol engine fuel system.
Discussion.
Refer to diagram for electrical system of a tractor;
Brief discussion.
Refer to a diagram for ignition system of a tractor;

diagram of a diesel fuel system
Chart-  electrical system.
Chart - ignition system.

KLB BK IV
Pg 64-65
Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 60-61

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Tractor cooling system.
Lubrication system of an engine.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Briefly describe air-cooled and water-cooled systems.
Discuss proper maintenance of cooling system.
Describe the lubrication system of an engine.
Outline importance of maintaining the lubrication system.

Brief discussion.
Exposition;

Chart- water cooling system.
diagram of a lubrication system

KLB BK IV
Pg 69-71

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 63-64

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.
AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Power transmission system of an engine.
Tractor servicing.
Household firm relationship.
Gross domestic product (GDP) and Gross National product (GNP). Per Capita Income.
Contribution of Agriculture to national development.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the function of power transmission system.
State the function of the clutch, gearbox and the differential.
Describe tractor servicing and maintenance practices.
Define a household and a firm as business terms.
Describe a household and a firm as producers and consumers and their role in a country's economic growth.
Define the terms GDP & GNP.
Define the term gross national income (GNI).
Define the term per capita income.
Explain contribution of Agriculture to development.

Teacher exposes the parts of power transmission system.
Refer to diagrams to identify parts of a power transmission system;
Brief discussion.
Q/A: review definition of economics, production economics.
Exposition & explanations.
Q/A & discussion.
Calculations.
Brain storming;
Discussion.

Chart- power transmission
system.
resource person
calculator

KLB BK IV
Pg 72-76

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 64-65
KLB BK IV
Pg 96-97

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 20-21

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Land as a factor of production.
Labor as a factor of production.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the economic value of production of crops and livestock and space for construction of farm buildings, agro-industries & infrastructure.
List down methods of land acquisition.
Define the term labor as used in production.
Explain ways of improving labor productivity.
Identify types of labor.

Exposition of new concepts;
Probing questions to elicit responses;
Brief discussion.
Oral questions & discussion.

student book
chart

KLB BK IV
Pg 99-100

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 92-3

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Capital.
Management as a production factor.
Production function.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term capital.
Identify types of capital.
List sources of capital.
State functions of a manager in a farm.
Identify good qualities of a manager.
Define production function.
State characteristics of variable and fixed inputs.

Oral questions, exposition & discussion.
Q/A & discussion.
Q/A: examples of inputs & outputs; variable and fixed inputs;
Brief discussion.

KLB BK IV
Pg 102-3
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 94-95

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Production function curves.
Increasing returns production functions.
Constant returns production functions.
Decreasing returns production functions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate and interpret input-output relationship graphically.
Illustrate and interpret Increasing returns production functions.
Give empirical examples where increasing returns production functions are experienced.
Constant returns production functions.
Give empirical examples where Increasing returns production functions are experienced.
Decreasing returns production functions.
Give empirical examples where decreasing returns production functions are experienced.

Worked examples: supervised practice.
Tabulate inputs and outputs.
Graphical representation of increasing returns production functions.
Tabulate inputs and outputs.
Graphical representation of constant returns production functions.
Graphical representation of decreasing returns production functions.

Graph papers.
charts
graphs

KLB BK IV
Pg 106-7
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 98
KLB BK IV
Pg 108-9

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 99

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Law of diminishing returns.
Zones of a PF curve.
The principles of substitution. Input-input relationship.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State the law oh diminishing returns.
Divide a production function into three zones.
Identify rational zones of production.
State the principles of substitution.
Give examples illustrating principles of substitution.
Identify ways of combining inputs.

Refer to illustrative tables.
Plot graphs from the tables;
Discuss shape of the curve.
Q/A: review AP, MP.
Guided discovery of the three zones.
Exposition.
Illustrative examples, brief discussion.

graphs
Chart - Curve showing 3 zones of PF.

KLB BK IV
Pg 112

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 100-1

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Product-product relationship. Supplementary and complementary products.
The principle of equi-marginal returns. The concept of cost.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give examples of product-product relationship.
Give illustrative examples depicting supplementary and complementary products.
State the principle of equi-marginal returns.
Determine the cost of production.
Identify the role of cost in production.
List types of costs.

Oral questions: joint products, competitive products.
Discussion.
Exposition;
Worked examples.

charts

KLB BK IV
Pg 116-7

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 103

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Types of revenue.
Farm planning.
Making a farm plan.
Farm budgeting.
Types of farm budgets.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Compute total revenue, net revenue and marginal revenue given the relevant information.
State factors to consider when drawing a farm plan.
Outline steps followed in making a farm plan.
Define a farm budget.
Analyse importance of farm budgeting.
Describe types of farm budgets.
Give examples of contexts where certain types of budgets are used.
Draw a partial budget.
Draw a complete budget.

Worked examples;
Explanations.
Exposition, Q/A & discussion.
Exposition, probing questions & discussion.
Exposition & discussion.
Exposition & discussion,
Worked examples;
Supervised practice;
Written exercises.

charts

KLB BK IV
Pg 119-120
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 107
KLB BK IV
Pg 123
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 110

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Farmer?s support services Extension, training & banking.
Credit. Sources of credit.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe extension, training & banking as support services to the farmers.
Define the term credit.
Identify types of credit.
Differentiate between hard & soft credit.
List down sources of credit.
Identify problems associated with credits.

Exposition & explanations.
Detailed discussion
& exposition of new concepts.

student book

KLB BK IV
Pg 127-8

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 112-3

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Artificial insemination & Agricultural research.
Marketing. Farm input suppliers Tractor hire service
Risks and uncertainties in farming.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe A.I. services provided to farmers.
Identify objectives of Agricultural research.
Give examples of Agricultural research centers in Kenya.
Cite examples of organizations that help farmers in marketing their produce.
Cite organizations where farmers can obtain farm inputs.
State merits & demerits of tractor hire service.
Cite points of tractor hire service.
Define the terms risk and uncertainty.
List types of risk and uncertainties.

Detailed discussion
& exposition of new concepts.
Writing initials in full e.g. KPCU.
Brief discussion
Brain storming;
Detailed discussion.

student book
resource person

KLB BK IV
Pg 130-2

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 115-6

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)
AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC IV (FARM ACCOUNTS)

Adjusting to uncertainties and risks.
Financial documents.
Books of accounts.
Cash book.
Journal & Subsidiary books of the Journal.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline ways of adjusting to risks and uncertainties.
Outline details contained in an invoice, receipt, delivery note and a purchase order.
Describe features of the ledger and the inventory.
Describe features of the cash book.
Balance cash book.
Describe features of the journal & subsidiary books of the journal.

Brain storming;
Detailed discussion.
Oral questions & brief discussion.
Oral questions & brief discussion.
Illustrative tables.
Illustrative examples.

Invoice, receipt, delivery note and a purchase order.
Cash book.

KLB BK IV
Pg 135-6

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 118-9
KLB BK IV
Pg 146-150
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 124

AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC IV (FARM ACCOUNTS)

Financial statements. Balance sheet.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of balance sheets.
Prepare a balance sheet.

Make entries in a balance sheet.
Prepare a balance sheet.
Supervised practice.

Balance sheet.

KLB BK IV
Pg 154-7
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 129-130

AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC IV (FARM ACCOUNTS)

Solvency of a business.
Profit and loss account.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine whether a business is solvent or insolvent.
Define a profit and loss account.
Draw a profit and loss A/C.
Compute net profit.

Teacher gives format of profit and loss A/C.
Worked examples.
Supervised practice.

chart 

KLB BK IV
Pg 154-7
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 130

AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC IV (FARM ACCOUNTS)
AGRICULTURAL MARKETING & ORGANIZATIONS
AGRICULTURAL MARKETING & ORGANIZATIONS

Cash analysis.
Market and marketing.
Types of markets. Monopoly. Oligopoly & Monopsony.
Price theory and demand.
Factors affecting demand for a commodity.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term cash analysis.
Draw a cash analysis.
Compute total receipt and total expenditure for a given accounting period.
Define the term market as an institution.
Distinguish between a perfect and imperfect market.
Identify features of a monopolistic competition in a market, oligopolistic and monopsonistic markets.
Define the terms price & demand.
Sketch the demand curve.
Explain the term demand schedule.
Outline factors affecting demand for a commodity.

Worked examples.
Supervised practice.
Written exercise.
Q/A: definition.
Teacher?s explanations.
Brain storming;
Exposition;
Discussion.
Exposition;
Curve sketching & explanations.
Q/A, discussion & explanations.

chart
student book

KLB BK IV
Pg 159-162

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 133-4
KLB BK IV
Pg 166-8
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 139-140

AGRICULTURAL MARKETING & ORGANIZATIONS

Elasticity of demand.
Factors affecting elasticity of demand.
Supply & Supply-price relationship.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the concept of elasticity of demand.
Illustrate demand for a commodity.
Calculate elasticity of demand.
Identify types of elasticity of demand.
Illustrate elastic, inelastic & unitary demand graphically.
State factors affecting elasticity of demand.
Define the term supply.
Illustrate supply-price relationship.

Teacher?s explanations.
Graphical illustration.
Worked examples. Supervised practice.
Graphical representation of demand.
Exposition;
Explanations.
Sketching supply-price curves.
Refer to supply schedules.
Discussion.

chart

KLB BK IV
Pg 170-3


Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 142-4

AGRICULTURAL MARKETING & ORGANIZATIONS

Factors affecting supply of a commodity.
Elasticity of supply (Es).

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State & explain factors affecting supply of a commodity.
Define elasticity of supply (Es).
Calculate (Es)

Q/A & detailed discussion.
Q/A: review Ed hence defines Es.
Worked examples.
Supervised activity.

chart

KLB BK IV
Pg 175-7
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 145-6

AGRICULTURAL MARKETING & ORGANIZATIONS

Determination of market prices.
Price control. Marketing and marketing function.
Marketing organizations and agencies. Wholesalers & retailers.
Itinerant traders, broker agents & commission agents.
Packers and processors, marketing boards & auctioneers.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain how market prices are determined.
Determine the equilibrium or market prices of a commodity in a free market.
Explain the role of government in price control.
Define marketing and marketing function.describe tingfunction. a market.
Explain the arbitrage role of a wholesaler.
Identify services provided by retailers.
Outline the functions of Itinerant traders, broker agents & commission agents in a market.
Outline functions of packers and processors, marketing boards & auctioneers in a market.

Teacher?s explanation.
Q/A : review demand and supply curves.
Plot both curves.
Interpret the graphs.
Brain storming;
Exposition;
Discussion.
Brain storming;
Exposition;
Discussion.
Exposition & explanation.
Q/A & detailed discussion.

graph
student book

KLB BK IV
Pg 178-9

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 149


KLB BK IV
Pg 183-4

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 151

AGRICULTURAL MARKETING & ORGANIZATIONS

Special characteristics of Agricultural products.
Agricultural organizations. Kenya sugar authority, Horticultural crops Development Authority, AFC, ADC, and KMC.
Other Farmers? Associations: KNFU, ASK, 4K-club, YF club.
Co-operative societies.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe bulkiness, weight, volume, seasonality and perishability of Agricultural products.
Outline the functions of Kenya sugar authority, Horticultural crops Development Authority, AFC, ADC, and KMC.
Outline the functions of other Farmers? Associations such as KNFU, ASK, 4K-club, YF club.
Outline the principles of co-operatives.
Highlight functions of co-operatives.

Oral questions & detailed discussion
Probing questions,
Brief discussion
Assignment.
Probing questions, brief discussion, & teacher?s explanations.

student book

KLB BK IV
Pg 186-8