STATISTICAL METHODS.

Compound / Cumulative Bar Graphs.
Compound / Cumulative Bar Graphs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight steps followed when constructing compound / cumulative bar graphs
Interpret compound/ cumulative bar graphs.
State advantages and disadvantages of compound/ cumulative bar graphs.

Q/A to review basic statistical concepts, simple bar graphs;
Exposition of steps followed when constructing compound e bar graphs.
Probing questions & brief discussion.

Certificate Geography
Book III
Pg 1-2

STATISTICAL METHODS.

Simple Pie charts (Divided Circle). - construction.
Simple Pie charts (Divided Circle). - interpretation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Construct simple pie charts.

Interpret simple pie charts
State advantages and disadvantages of simple pie charts.

Students determine value of angles for the variables.
Guided activity &
Brief discussion.
Guided discovery;
Written exercise.

Calculators.

Certificate Geography
Book III
Pg 14
Certificate Geography
Book III
Pg 8-11

STATISTICAL METHODS.
MAP WORK.

Proportional circles.
Terms used & precautions observed when describing physical features & human activities.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Construct proportional circles.
Identify terms used to describe physical features & human activities represented in a map.
Outline precautions observed when describing physical features & human activities.

Guided discovery;
Written exercise.
Oral questions & detailed discussion.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Geography
Book III
Pg 10-11

MAP WORK.

Physical features.
Relief features.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify physical features.
Identify relief features on a map.

Brain storming on
features on topographical maps.
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.
Locating relief features;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 16-19
Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 19-22

MAP WORK.

Land forms.
Watersheds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify landforms on a topographical map using contours.
Identify types of vegetation on a topographical map.
Identify watersheds on a map.

Q/A & brief discussion;
Supervised practical activity.
Locating watersheds;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 18-21

MAP WORK.

Vegetation.
Vegetation cover.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of vegetation.


Interpret vegetation cover in terms of amount of rainfall received in the area, and the types of soils in the area.

Q/A & brief discussion: rolling, dissected, hilly landforms & valleys.
Locate forests, thickets, and riverine trees on a map.
Deduce amount of rainfall received and the likely types of soils in specific parts of an area.

Topographical maps.


Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 25

MAP WORK.

Drainage.
Drainage patterns.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify natural /artificial hydrographic features in a map.
Make deductions from the hydrographic features evident on the drainage of a given section in a map.
Describe drainage patterns of an area represented by a map.

Detailed discussion on drainage of sections in the map.
Deduce amount of rainfall received and nature of underground rocks, etc.
Oral questions & brief discussion.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 27-30

MAP WORK.

Drainage features.
Human and economic activities: Crop farming, livestock rearing & Mining & fishing.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify drainage features on a map.
Describe formation of drainage features.
Outline economic importance of drainage features.

Identify clues on a map that indicate presence of crop farming and livestock rearing.
Identify clues on a map that indicate presence of mining and fishing.

Brief discussion & Q/A.
Q/A & practical activities.


Group activities.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 30-31
Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 31-32

MAP WORK.

Manufacturing, Processing & Tourism.
Settlement and administration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify clues on a map that indicate manufacturing, processing and tourism in an area.
Outline factors influencing settlement.
Identify types of settlement patterns.
Identify symbols for administrative boundaries.

Q/A & practical activities.
Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions and discussion.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 32-33

MAP WORK.

Transport & Communication.
Enlargement & Reduction of maps.
Sections and profiles.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify modes of transport & communication of an area as depicted in a topographical map.


Enlarge / reduce a map or a section of a map using the square method.
Define the term section as used in mapwork.
Explain importance of sections in interpreting maps.
Draw various types of sections and profiles.

Practical activities.

Brief discussion.
Explanations & practical activities.
Exposition & brief discussion.
Guided practical activities.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 35
Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 39-40

MAP WORK.

Vertical Exaggeration (VE), Gradient & Intervisibility.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate VE of a map.
Determine the steepness of a slope between two given points.
Determine whether two points in a map are intervisible.

Guided calculations.
Guided practical activities.

Practical activity to determine intervisibility.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 45-47

WEATHERING

Definition & Agents of weathering.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define weathering.
Identify agents of weathering.
Explain factors that influence weathering.

Brain storming;
Q/A & detailed discussion.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 54-55

WEATHERING

Definition & Agents of weathering.
Physical weathering.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define weathering.
Identify agents of weathering.
Explain factors that influence weathering.


Define physical weathering.
Explain major forms of physical weathering.

Brain storming;
Q/A & detailed discussion.
Oral questions, brief discussion.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 54-55
Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 55-59

WEATHERING

Chemical weathering.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain ways in which chemical weathering takes place.

Probing questions & discussion.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 60-61

WEATHERING

Biological weathering. Importance of weathering.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify agents of biological weathering.

Explain importance of weathering.

Probing questions & discussion.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 61-64

WEATHERING
MASS WASTING.

Biological weathering. Importance of weathering.
Factors influencing mass wasting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify agents of biological weathering.

Explain importance of weathering.

Define the term mass wasting & mass movement.
Explain factors that influence mass wasting.

Probing questions & discussion.
Q/A: review weathering.
Discussion: factors affecting nature or speed of mass wasting & movement.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 61-64
Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 64-66

MASS WASTING.

Slow mass wasting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe slow processes of mass wasting.

Discussion: soil creep & talus creep.
Q/A: factors that may trigger slow mass wasting.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 66-68

MASS WASTING.
MASS WASTING.
THE HYDROLOGI-CAL CYCLE.

Rapid mass wasting.
Effects of mass wasting.
Input & output processes of the hydrological cycle.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe rapid processes of mass wasting.
Explain effects of mass wasting on physical and human environment.
Identify input and output processes of the hydrological cycle.

Exposition, Q/A & discussion.
Brief discussion.
Highlight positive and negative effects.
Q/A: forms of precipitation.
Q/A & brief discussion on the major output processes.

Chart ? the hydrological cycle.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 68-71
Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 71-72

THE HYDROLOGI-CAL CYCLE.

Internal transfer processes of the hydrological cycle.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe movement of water in the atmosphere, land and oceans.

Exposition of new terms & brief discussion.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 73

THE HYDROLOGI-CAL CYCLE.
ACTION OF RIVERS.

Storage processes of the hydrological cycle. Significance of the hydrological cycle.
Terms related to action of rivers.
River erosion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify surface storages, ground water storage and the cyrosphere.

Explain the significance of the hydrological cycle.

Define terms related to action of rivers.
Describe the processes of river erosion.

Exposition of new terms & brief discussion.
Exposition of new terms & Q/A with reference to diagrams and contour maps.
Exposition of new terms,
Explanations & detailed
Discussion.

Contour maps, diagrams in textbooks.

CCertificate Book III Geography
Pg 73-74



Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 74-76

ACTION OF RIVERS.

Factors affecting river erosion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain factors affecting the rate of river erosion.

Probing questions,
Brief discussion & illustrative diagrams.

Illustrative diagrams.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 77-78