STATISTICAL METHODS.

Comparative line graphs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Construct comparative line graphs.
State advantages and disadvantages of comparative line graphs.

Q/A: review methods of presenting statistical data.
Activity: construct a comparative line graph.
Assignment.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
64-65

STATISTICAL METHODS.

Comparative bar graphs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Construct comparative bar graphs.
State advantages and disadvantages of comparative bar graphs.

Q/A: review methods of presenting statistical data.
Activity: construct a comparative bar graph.
Assignment.

Chart ?
Comparative bar graphs.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
65-67

STATISTICAL METHODS.
KENYA?S CLIMATIC REGIONS.

Divided bars & Divided rectangles.
Analysis of statistical tables.
Definition of weather, climate and elements of weather.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Present statistical data using divided bars and rectangles.
State advantages and disadvantages of divided rectangles.
Analyse data in statistical tables.
Define climate.
Define weather.
Identify elements of weather.

Exposition.
Supervised practice.
Oral questions.
Table analysis.
Assignment.
Brain storming.
Q/A & brief discussion.

Diagrams and maps.
Combined temperature rainfall diagrams.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
67-69

KENYA?S CLIMATIC REGIONS.

Factors influencing climate. - latitude, altitude and continentality.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the influence of latitude, altitude and continentality on the climate of an area.

Brain storming.
Exposition, Q/A & discussion.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
70-73

KENYA?S CLIMATIC REGIONS.

Factors influencing climate. - aspect and ocean currents.
Factors influencing climate. -wind and air masses & configuration of the coastline.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the influence of aspect and ocean currents on the climate of an area.
Explain the influence of wind and air masses & configuration of the coastline on the climate of an area.

Exposition of new aspects & brief discussion.
Exposition of new concepts, oral questions & discussion.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
70-73

KENYA?S CLIMATIC REGIONS.

ITCZ
Forests & microclimate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term ITCZ.
Explain the effect of shifting of the ITCZ on the climate of a zone.
Define the term microclimate.
Explain the effects of forests on climate of area.

Exposition of new concepts.
Explanations.
Q/A & discussion.

Map of Africa: the ITCZ and prevailing winds.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK 74

KENYA?S CLIMATIC REGIONS.

Description of climate.
Climate regions of Kenya. Modified equatorial climate.
Tropical climate & tropical Northern climate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe climate using aPagesropriate terminology.
Identify regions that experience Modified equatorial climate.
Describe Modified equatorial climate.
Describe the modified tropical climate.
Identify regions that experience modified tropical

Tables: general terms and the corresponding statistical data.
Exercise: rainfall ?temperature graphs.
Detailed discussion.
Detailed discussion

Map of Kenya: climatic regions rainfall-temperature graphs.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK page 76

KENYA?S CLIMATIC REGIONS.
CLIMATE (2) WORLD CLIMATIC REGIONS.

Desert climate.
Equatorial climate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the modified tropical climate.
Identify regions that experience Modified tropical climate.
State characteristics of equatorial climate.

Detailed discussion & assignment.
Exposition of new concepts, explanations and Q/A.
Assignment: rainfall-temperature graphs.

Map of Kenya: climatic regions rainfall-temperature graphs.
Maps: world climatic regions.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK P 79

CLIMATE (2) WORLD CLIMATIC REGIONS.

Equatorial monsoon.
Tropical monsoon.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State characteristics of equatorial monsoon.
State characteristics of tropical monsoon.

Exposition of new concepts, explanations and Q/A.
Assignment: rainfall-temperature graphs
Assignment: rainfall-temperature graphs.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
79-80

CLIMATE (2) WORLD CLIMATIC REGIONS.

Tropical marine & Tropical continental.
Tropical Desert climate.
Warm climates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State characteristics of tropical marine & tropical continental.
State characteristics of tropical desert climate.
Identify types of warm climates.
State characteristics of warm climates.

Exposition of new concepts, explanations and Q/A.
Assignment: rainfall-temperature graphs.
Assignment: rainfall-temperature graphs

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 81-83

CLIMATE (2) WORLD CLIMATIC REGIONS.

Cool & cold climates.
Mountain climates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of cool climates.
State characteristics of cool climates.
State characteristics of mountain climates.

Exposition of new concepts, explanations and Q/A.
Assignment: rainfall-temperature graphs.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 84-86

CLIMATE (2) WORLD CLIMATIC REGIONS.
VEGETATION 1 VEGETATION ZONES.
VEGETATION 1 VEGETATION ZONES.

Microclimates.
Categories of vegetation.
Influence of topographical factors on vegetation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify human activities largely responsible for development of local climates.
Define the term vegetation.
Identify the three categories of vegetation.
Explain the Influence of topographical factors on vegetation.

Brief discussion.
Assignment.
Exposition and Q/A.
Discussion & Q/A.

Photographs of various types of forests.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK pg 93

VEGETATION 1 VEGETATION ZONES.

Influence of climatic factors on vegetation.
Influence of edaphic factors on vegetation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the Influence of climatic factors on vegetation.
Define the term edaphic.

Probing questions & Discussion.
Exposition of new concepts.
Q/A on physical and properties of soil.
Brief discussion.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
101-102

VEGETATION 1 VEGETATION ZONES.

Biotic factors.
Vegetation in Kenya.
Mountain vegetation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the influence of biotic factors on vegetation modification and /or destruction.
Describe forest, vegetation & savanna vegetation in Kenya.
Outline types of mountain vegetation.
State characteristics of various types of mountain vegetation.
Identify locations of mountain vegetation.
State uses of mountain vegetation.

Q/A: review microclimate.
Brief discussion.
Q/A and discussion.
Q/A & elaborate discussion.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
103-104

VEGETATION 1 VEGETATION ZONES.
FORESTRY

Field work on vegetation.
Natural and planted forests.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Carry out a fieldwork on vegetation.
Differentiate between natural and planted forests.

Q/A: review the procedures followed in carrying out a field study.
Carry out the field study on vegetation.
Q/A: definition of a forest.
Discussion: natural and planted forests; indigenous and exotic forests.

Photographs: natural and derived forests.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
123-124

FORESTRY

Types of natural forests.
Importance of forests and forests? products.
Problems facing forestry in Kenya.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe types of natural forests.
State characteristics of trees in particular types of forests.
Identify importance of forests and forests? products.
Identify the problems facing forestry in Kenya.

Q/A & descriptive aPagesroach.
Q/A & discussion: economic, environmental, cultural values of forests.
Q/A & detailed discussion.

Photographs: vegetation in various types of forests.
Newspaper cuttings & photographs illustrating some problems facing forestry in Kenya.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
127-128

FORESTRY

Management and conservation of forests.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Describe management and conservation practices carried out in Kenya.
State the importance of management and conservation of forests.

Discussion: measures taken to manage and conserve forests and their importance.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
130-131

FORESTRY
STATISTICAL METHODS.
STATISTICAL METHODS.

Softwood forests in Kenya and Canada.
Compound / Cumulative Bar Graphs.
Compound / Cumulative Bar Graphs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Compare and contrast development of softwood forests in Kenya and in Canada.
Identify factors favouring / militating against exploitation of softwoods in both countries.
Identify benefits of softwoods.
Highlight steps followed when constructing compound / cumulative bar graphs
Interpret compound/ cumulative bar graphs.
State advantages and disadvantages of compound/ cumulative bar graphs.

Q/A to review basic statistical concepts, simple bar graphs;
Exposition of steps followed when constructing compound e bar graphs.
Probing questions & brief discussion.

Map ? location of Canada.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
132-135

STATISTICAL METHODS.

Simple Pie charts (Divided Circle). - construction.
Simple Pie charts (Divided Circle). - interpretation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Construct simple pie charts.
Interpret simple pie charts
State advantages and disadvantages of simple pie charts.

Students determine value of angles for the variables.
Guided activity &
Brief discussion.
Guided discovery;
Written exercise.

Calculators.

Certificate Geography
Book III
Pg 14

STATISTICAL METHODS.
MAP WORK.
MAP WORK.

Proportional circles.
Terms used & precautions observed when describing physical features & human activities.
Physical features.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Construct proportional circles.
Identify terms used to describe physical features & human activities represented in a map.
Outline precautions observed when describing physical features & human activities.
Identify physical features.

Guided discovery;
Written exercise.
Oral questions & detailed discussion.
Brain storming on
features on topographical maps.
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Geography
Book III
Pg 10-11

MAP WORK.

Relief features.
Land forms.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify relief features on a map.
Identify landforms on a topographical map using contours.
Identify types of vegetation on a topographical map.

Locating relief features;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.
Q/A & brief discussion;
Supervised practical activity.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 19-22

MAP WORK.

Watersheds.
Vegetation.
Vegetation cover.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify watersheds on a map.
Identify types of vegetation.
Interpret vegetation cover in terms of amount of rainfall received in the area, and the types of soils in the area.

Locating watersheds;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.
Q/A & brief discussion: rolling, dissected, hilly landforms & valleys.
Locate forests, thickets, and riverine trees on a map.
Deduce amount of rainfall received and the likely types of soils in specific parts of an area.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 23-25

MAP WORK.

Drainage.
Drainage patterns.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify natural /artificial hydrographic features in a map.
Make deductions from the hydrographic features evident on the drainage of a given section in a map.
Describe drainage patterns of an area represented by a map.

Detailed discussion on drainage of sections in the map.
Deduce amount of rainfall received and nature of underground rocks, etc.
Oral questions & brief discussion.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 27-30

MAP WORK.

Drainage features.
Human and economic activities: Crop farming, livestock rearing & Mining & fishing.
Manufacturing, Processing & Tourism.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify drainage features on a map.
Describe formation of drainage features.
Outline economic importance of drainage features.
Identify clues on a map that indicate presence of crop farming and livestock rearing.
Identify clues on a map that indicate presence of mining and fishing.
Identify clues on a map that indicate manufacturing, processing and tourism in an area.

Brief discussion & Q/A.
Q/A & practical activities.
Group activities.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 30-31

MAP WORK.

Settlement and administration.
Transport & Communication.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline factors influencing settlement.
Identify types of settlement patterns.
Identify symbols for administrative boundaries.
Identify modes of transport & communication of an area as depicted in a topographical map.

Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions and discussion.
Practical activities.
Brief discussion.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 34

MAP WORK.

Enlargement & Reduction of maps.
Sections and profiles.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Enlarge / reduce a map or a section of a map using the square method.
Define the term section as used in mapwork.
Explain importance of sections in interpreting maps.
Draw various types of sections and profiles.

Explanations & practical activities.
Exposition & brief discussion.
Guided practical activities.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 39-40

MAP WORK.
WEATHERING

Vertical Exaggeration (VE), Gradient & Intervisibility.
Definition & Agents of weathering.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate VE of a map.
Determine the steepness of a slope between two given points.
Determine whether two points in a map are intervisible.
Define weathering.
Identify agents of weathering.
Explain factors that influence weathering.

Guided calculations.
Guided practical activities.
Practical activity to determine intervisibility.
Brain storming;
Q/A & detailed discussion.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 45-47

WEATHERING

Physical weathering.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define physical weathering.
Explain major forms of physical weathering.

Oral questions, brief discussion.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 55-59

WEATHERING
MASS WASTING.

Chemical weathering.
Biological weathering. Importance of weathering.
Factors influencing mass wasting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain ways in which chemical weathering takes place.
Identify agents of biological weathering.
Explain importance of weathering.
Define the term mass wasting & mass movement.
Explain factors that influence mass wasting.

Probing questions & discussion.
Q/A: review weathering.
Discussion: factors affecting nature or speed of mass wasting & movement.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 60-61

MASS WASTING.

Slow mass wasting.
Rapid mass wasting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe slow processes of mass wasting.
Describe rapid processes of mass wasting.

Discussion: soil creep & talus creep.
Q/A: factors that may trigger slow mass wasting.
Exposition, Q/A & discussion.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 66-68

MASS WASTING.
THE HYDROLOGI-CAL CYCLE.
THE HYDROLOGI-CAL CYCLE.

Effects of mass wasting.
Input & output processes of the hydrological cycle.
Internal transfer processes of the hydrological cycle.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain effects of mass wasting on physical and human environment.
Identify input and output processes of the hydrological cycle.
Describe movement of water in the atmosphere, land and oceans.

Brief discussion.
Highlight positive and negative effects.
Q/A: forms of precipitation.
Q/A & brief discussion on the major output processes.
Exposition of new terms & brief discussion.

Chart ? the hydrological cycle.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 71-72

THE HYDROLOGI-CAL CYCLE.
ACTION OF RIVERS.
ACTION OF RIVERS.
ACTION OF RIVERS.

Storage processes of the hydrological cycle. Significance of the hydrological cycle.
Terms related to action of rivers.
River erosion.
Factors affecting river erosion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify surface storages, ground water storage and the cyrosphere.
Explain the significance of the hydrological cycle.
Define terms related to action of rivers.
Describe the processes of river erosion.
Explain factors affecting the rate of river erosion.

Exposition of new terms & brief discussion.
Exposition of new terms & Q/A with reference to diagrams and contour maps.
Exposition of new terms,
Explanations & detailed
Discussion.
Probing questions,
Brief discussion & illustrative diagrams.

Contour maps, diagrams in textbooks.
Illustrative diagrams.

CCertificate Book III Geography
Pg 73-74