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Form 4 2025
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WK LSN TOPIC SUB-TOPIC OBJECTIVES T/L ACTIVITIES T/L AIDS REFERENCE REMARKS
1

Opener Exam

2 1
Refraction Of Light
The meaning of refraction
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe simple experiments to illustrate refraction of light

Experiments demonstrating refraction of light

Beakers
Water
Stick or glass rod
Basins
Coins
Glass blocks
Pin
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 11-12
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages6-9
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 41-46
2 2-3
Refraction Of Light
Laws of refraction
Refractive index
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


State the laws of refraction and define refractive index


Determine the refractive index of a given substance

Discovering Snell?s law of refraction through experiments
Defining refractive index
Stating the laws of refraction

Experiments to determine the refractive index of rates and glass by real and apparent depth method

Glass blocks
Pins
Soft board
Plain paper
Geometric set

Water
Pins
Plain papers
Coins
Beakers
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 12-14
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages6-9
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 47-61 
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 14-15
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages6-9
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 61-68
2 4
Refraction Of Light
Application of a total internal reflection in a prism periscope, optical fibre
Dispersion of white light and recombination of colors of the spectrum
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the working of a prisms and optical fibres among other applications
Describe an experiment to illustrate the dispersion of light
Making a periscope
Discussion on working of an optical fibre
Experiment on dispersion of light using glass prisms
Charts on total internal reflection and applications
Triangular glass prisms
Source of light
Screen
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 18-19
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages6-9
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 76-79 
2 5
Refraction Of Light
Problems of refractive index and critical angle
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Solve problems involving the refractive index and critical angle

Discussions and problem solving in critical angle using the formulae sin C=i/n and n=sin i/sin r

Review questions
Past exams
Examples in the topic
Comprehensive secondary physics book 3 pages 21-22
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages6-9
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 82-86
3 1
Refraction Of Light
Total material reflection and its effect Critical angle
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe an experiment to explain the total internal reflection and its effects
Define critical angle

Experiments to explain the total internal reflection and its effects
Defining critical angle
Observations and discussions on critical angle
Total internal reflection

Glass blocks
Soft boards
Pins
Geometrical set
Source of light
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 16-17
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages6-9
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 68-76 
3 2-3
Current Electricity Ii
Electric current Scale reading
Ohm?s Law
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define potential
Differentiate and state its SI units
Measure potential difference and current in a circuit


Derive and verify ohm?s law
State ohm?s law

Defining potential difference
Measuring P.d
Discussion on p.d and current
Experiments to illustrate p.d and current

Experiments verifying ohm?s law
Stating ohm?s law

Ammeter
Voltmeter
Battery
Connecting wires

Ammeter
Voltmeter
Rheostat
Wires
Dry cells
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 54-55
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 24-28
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 161-164 
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 55-57
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 24-28
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 168-171
3 4
Current Electricity Ii
Current Electricity
Measurement of resistance
Ammeters and voltmeters
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe experiment to measure resistance using ? voltmeter method
The Wheatstone bridge method
The meter bridge
Measure potential difference and current in a circuit using the ammeters
Experiments to measure resistance of materials
Scale reading
Converting units of measurements
Discussing simple electric circuits
Ammeters
Voltmeters
Rheostats
Connecting wires
Resistance wire
Dry cells
Switches
Meter bridge
Wheatstone bridge
Resisters with known resistance
Battery
Wires
Rheostat
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 57-59
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 26-28
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 177-180
3 5
Current Electricity
Voltage-current relationships
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define resistance and state its SI unit
Determine experientially the voltage current
Relationship for resistance in series and parallel

Defining resistance
Experiments to determine the relationship between voltage-current

Resistance wire
Rheostat
Battery
Voltmeter
Ammeter
Connecting wires
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 57-59
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 26-28
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 171-177 
4 1
Current Electricity
Effective resistance for registers in series and parallel
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Derive effective resistance

Discussions on deriving the effective resistance
Deriving effective resistance of registers in parallel and series

Cells
Resistors
Ammeters
Voltmeters
wires
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 60-66
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 24-28
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 180-189
4 2-3
Current Electricity
Current Electricity
Waves II
Effective resistance for registers in series and parallel
E.m.f and internal resistance (E=V+1r)
Properties of waves
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Derive effective resistance

Determine e.m.f
Explain the internal resistance of a cell
State and explain the properties of waves experimentally
Sketch wave fronts to illustrate the reflections

Discussions on deriving the effective resistance
Deriving effective resistance of registers in parallel and series
Explanation on internal resistance
Demonstration on e.m.f and internal resistance
Discussion on e.m.f
Stating and explaining the properties of waves
Sketching wave fronts illustrate reflection

Cells
Resistors
Ammeters
Voltmeters
wires
Voltmeters
Ammeter
Cells
Connecting wires
Rope/wire
Various reflections
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 60-66
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 24-28
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 180-189
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 62-63
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 24-28
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 190-195 
4 4
Waves II
Diffraction, refraction and interference of waves
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Sketch various wave fonts to illustrate their diffraction, refraction and interference

Sketching various wave fonts
Experiments to illustrate refraction, diffraction and interference

Water
Basin
Ripple
Tank
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 70-73
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 29-32
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 203-212 
4 5
Waves II
Diffraction, refraction and interference of waves
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Sketch various wave fonts to illustrate their diffraction, refraction and interference

Sketching various wave fonts
Experiments to illustrate refraction, diffraction and interference

Water
Basin
Ripple
Tank
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 70-73
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 29-32
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 203-212 
5 1
Waves II
Constructive and distractive waves
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Explain constructive and destructive interference

Discussion on constructive and destructive interference
Experiments constructive and destructive interference

Ripple tank
Rope/wire
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 73-74
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 29-32
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 203-212 
5 2-3
Waves II
Stationary waves
Vibrating air columns
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe experiments to illustrate stationary waves


Describe and explain closed pipe and open pipe

Demonstration and explaining of stationery waves

Describing vibrations in close and open pipes

Wires under tension

Open and closed pipes
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 74
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 29-32
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 212-215 
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 74
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 29-32
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 218-220 
5 4
Electrostatics Ii
Electric field patterns
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Sketch electric field patterns around charged bodies

Discussion on electric field patterns
Observing and plotting field patterns

Charts on magnetic fields
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 76-77
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 34-39
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 222-225
P
5 5
Electrostatics Ii
Charge distribution on conductors
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe charge distribution on conductors:
Spherical and pear shaped conductors

Discussions on charge distribution on conductors
Experiment is demonstrated/illustrate charge distribution on conductors

Vande Graaf generator
Chart showing charge distribution on different conductors
Gold leaf electroscope
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 77-78
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 34-39
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 225-228 
6 1
Electrostatics Ii
Lighting arrestor
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Explain how lightning arrestor works

Discussions on the lighting arrestor
Explanations on the lighting arrestor

Improvised lighting arrestor
Photographs of lightning arrestor
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 79-80
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 34-39
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 229-230 
6 2-3
Electrostatics Ii
Lighting arrestor
Capacitance
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Explain how lightning arrestor works


Define capacitance and state its SI units
Describe the charging and discharging of a capacitor
State and explain the factors that affect the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor

Discussions on the lighting arrestor
Explanations on the lighting arrestor

Experiments on charging and discharging capacitor
Discussion on factors affecting capacitance
Defining capacitance

Improvised lighting arrestor
Photographs of lightning arrestor

Complete circuits
capacitors
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 79-80
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 34-39
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 229-230 
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 80-82
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 34-39
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 230-237
6 4
Electrostatics Ii
Combinations of capacitors
Energy stored in a charged capacitor
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Derive the effective capacitance of capacitors in series and parallel
Describe the energy stored in a charged capacitor
Deriving effective capacitance of capacitors in series and parallel
Solving problems
Discussion in the effective capacitance
Describing the energy stored in a charged capacitor
Capacitors in series and parallel connections
Charts showing complete circuits
Capacitors
Dry cells
Charts on capacitors used
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 80-82
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 34-39
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 237-241 
6 5
Electrostatics
Application of capacitors
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


State and explain the applications of capacitors

Discussions on applications of capacitors
Stating and explaining applications of capacitors

Charts on the use of capacitors
capacitors
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 82-84
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 34-39
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 244 
7-8

Half Term Exam and Break

9 1
The Heating Effect Of Electric Current
Electric current heating effect
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Perform and describe experiments to illustrate the heating effect of electric current

Experiments to illustrate heating effect of electric current
Discussions on heating effect of electric current

Complete circuit
Water in a beaker
Metallic rod
Thermometer
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 88
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 39-41
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 246-247 
9 2-3
The Heating Effect Of Electric Current
The Heating Effect Of An Electric Current
Lenses
Heating devices fuses
Factors affecting electric current
Conveying and diverging lenses
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


describe the working of electric iron, bulb filament and an electric water
State and explain the factors affecting electrical energy
By the end of the lesson the learner should be able to
Describe converging lenses
Describe diverging lenses

discussion on electric devices
observations and experiments on heating devices
Discussions on the factors affecting electrical energy
Experiments on electrical energy
Stating and explaining factors affecting the electrical energy
Using light beams to distinguish between diverging and converging lenses

electric irons
electric bulb
electric kettle
electric heater
fuses
Complete circuit
Wires
Rheostat
Ammeter
battery
Diverging lenses
Converging lenses
Source of light beam
screen
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 90-91
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 39-41
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 255-258
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 88-90
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 39-41
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 247-255 
9 4
Lenses
Parts of fair lenses
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe the principal focus using ray diagram
Describe the optical center using ray diagram
Describe the focal length of thin lenses using ray diagram

Description of principal focus, optical centre and focal length of a thin lens

Chart showing the parts of thin lens
Graph paper
Diverging lens
Converging lens
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 1-3
teachers book 3 pages 1-5
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 6-7 
9 5
Lenses
Focal length
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Determine experimentally the focal length of a converging lens
Determine the focal length of a converging lens using estimation method

Experiment to determine the focal length of a fair lens

Converging lenses
Screen
Pins
candle
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 2-3
teachers book 3 pages 1-5
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 17-20 
10 1
Lenses
Images in fair lenses
Images in converging lenses
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Construct the principal rays for converging lens
Construct the principal rays for diverging lenses
Locate imaged formed by converging lenses using ray construction method
Describe the images formed in converging lenses
Constructing the principal rays for diverging lenses
Constructing the principal rays for converging lenses
Describing the characteristics of images formed in converging lenses
Converging lenses
Diverging lenses
Graph papers
Ruler
Graph paper
Geometrical set
screen
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 3-6
teachers book 3 pages 1-5
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 7-12 
10 2-3
Lenses
Images in diverging lenses
The microscope
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Locate imaged formed by diverging lenses using ray construction method
Describe the images formed in diverging lenses


Explain the working of a simple microscope
Explain the working of a compound microscope

Describe the characteristics of the formed in diverging lenses

Drawing and labeling the parts of a microscope
Describing the work of a microscope
Graph paper
Geometrical set
Diverging lenses
Screen

Simple microscope
Compound microscope
Magnifying lens
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 5
teachers book 3 pages 1-5
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 11 
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 10-11
teachers book 4 pages 1-5 
10 4
Lenses
The telescope
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe the structure of a telescope
Describe the working of a telescope

Drawing and labeling the parts of a telescope
Describing how a telescope works

Telescope
Lenses
Manilla paper
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 11
teachers book 4 pages 1-5
10 5
Lenses
The camera
Image formation in the human eye
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the parts of a camera
Explain the working of a camera
Explain the use of lenses in a camera
Describe the parts of a human eye
Explain the function of each part of the human eye
Describing the parts of a camera
Explaining the use of lenses in a camera
Describing the parts of the human eye
Explaining the function of each part of the human eye
Camera
Charts showing the parts of a camera
Chart showing the parts of human eye
Model of the human eye
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 11-12
teachers book 4 pages 1-5
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 33 
11 1
Lenses
Working of the human eye
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Explain the image formation in the human eye

Explaining the image formation in the eye

Chart showing the image formation in the human eye
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 13-14
teachers book 34pages 1-5
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 29-31
11 2-3
Lenses
Electromagnetic Induction
Defects of vision
Induced e.m.f
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe the defects of the human eye
Explain the corrections of human eye defects


Perform and describe simple experiments to illustrate electromagnetic induction
State the factors affecting the magnitude of an induced e.m.f
State the factors affecting the direction induced by e.m.f

Describing the defects of the human eye
Explaining the eye defects are corrected

Experiments
discussions

Charts showing eye defects and how they are corrected

magnets
complete
electric circuit
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 13-14
teachers book 34pages 1-5
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 31-32
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 46-48
teachers book 34pages 21-25
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 86-91 
11 4
Electromagnetic Induction
Faraday?s law and Lenz?s law
Fleming?s right hand rule
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State Faraday?s law
State Lenz?s law
Illustrate Faraday law and Lens?s law
State Fleming?s right hand rule
Apply Fleming?s right hand rule
Discussions
Experiments to illustrate Faraday?s law and Lenz?s law
Explanation of the motor rule
Discussion of the application of electromagnetic induction
Magnets
Solenoid
Source of current
Wire
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 48-50
teachers book 34pages 21-25
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 91-93 
11 5
Electromagnetic Induction
Generators
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Explain the working of an a.c generator
Explain the working of a d.c generator

Drawing the arrangement for a.c and a d.c generators
Demonstration of motor principle

Coil
Pins
Source of current
magnets
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 50-53
teachers book 34pages 21-25
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 
12-13

End Term Exam and Closing


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