MINING

Occurrence of rocks.
Exploitation of minerals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe occurrence of minerals in various forms.
Explain factors affecting exploitation of minerals.

Exposition and descriptive approaches.
Probing questions & brief discussion.

student book

KLB BK I
Pg 110-111

MINING

Methods of mining.
Methods of mining. (ontd)
Types of minerals.
Distribution of minerals in East Africa.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe various methods of mining.
Give examples of metallic, non-metallic and energy minerals.
Locate major mineral sites on the map of East Africa.

Exposition of new concepts.
Brief discussion.
Brief discussion.
Draw the map of East Africa and locate major mineral sites.

local environment
pictures
student book
Map of East Africa showing distribution of minerals.

KLB BK I
Pg 112-3
KLB BK I
Pg 116

MINING

Significance of minerals in Kenya.
Problems of mining in Kenya.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline ways in which Kenya has benefited from exploitation of minerals.
Identify problems facing mining industry in Kenya.

Probing questions & brief discussion.
Q/A & brief discussion.

student book
local environment

KLB BK I
Pg 115

MINING

Effects of mining on the environment.
Trona on Lake Magadi.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain adverse effects of mining on the environment.
Describe the occurrence, exploitation and processing of trona on Lake Magadi.

Q/A & brief open discussion
Exposition & descriptive approaches.

Assignment.

local environment
Kenyan map

KLB BK I
Pg 118-9
KLB BK I
Pg 120

MINING

Diamond in South Africa.
Gold in South Africa.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe distribution and exploitation of gold and diamond in South Africa.
Highlight problems encountered during exploitation of gold in South Africa.

Exposition & descriptive approaches.
Exposition;
Brief discussion.

global map, student book

KLB BK I
Pg 121

MINING

Petroleum in the Middle East. -Iraq & Iran
Petroleum in the Middle East. -Kuwait & Saudi Arabia.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe oil distribution and exploitation of petroleum in the middle East.

Exposition & descriptive approaches.

Assignment.

global map, student book

KLB BK I
Pg 125
KLB BK I
Pg 126

MINING
INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Problems facing petroleum industry.
Earth movements.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight major problems facing petroleum industry.
Differentiate between internal and external land forming processes.
Differentiate between crustal compressional and tensional forces.
Explain effects of horizontal earth movements.

Probing questions.
Brief discussion on compression, tension, upwarping, downwarping, and shearing of crustal rocks.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.

global map, student book

KLB BK I
Pg 127

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Causes of earth movements.
Results of earth movements.
Theory of Continental Drift.
The Plates Tectonic Theory.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe causes of earth movements.
Identify landforms resulting from earth movements.
Explain the theory of Continental Drift.
Explain the Plates Tectonic Theory.

Exposition of new concepts.
Discussion & drawing of illustrative diagrams.
Exposition of new concepts;
Discussion of evidence to support the theory.
Exposition of the theory & discussion on evidence of the theory.
Drawing diagrams showing meeting of tectonic plates.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
2-3
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
3-4

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Folding.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Define folding.
Explain the causes of folding.
Identify parts of a fold.

Q/A: review vertical earth movements.
Discussion & drawing illustrative diagrams.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
7-8

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Types of folds.
Features resulting from folding.
Significance of folding.
Faulting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of folds.
Describe various folding processes.
Describe landforms resulting from folding.
Outline effects of folding.
Define faulting.
Identify parts associated with a fault.

Exposition of types of folds and resulting landforms.
Discussion & drawing labelled diagrams of landforms.
Q/A & discussion on effects of folding.
Assignment.
Q/A: review horizontal and vertical earth movements.
Discussion on parts associated with a fault.

Illustrative diagrams.
Map: World distribution of fold mountains.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
9-11
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
12-13

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Types of faults.
Features resulting from faulting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of faults.
Describe landforms resulting from faulting.

Probing questions and detailed discussion.
Discussion &
Drawing illustrative diagrams.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
14-19

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

The Great Rift Valley.
The Gregory Rift Valley.
Significance of faulting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Trace the Great Rift Valley on a map.
Describe parts of the Great Rift Valley.


Trace the Gregory Rift Valley on a map.
Describe the parts of the Gregory Rift Valley.
Explain ways in which faulting is significant.
Explain effects of faulting on the physical environment.

Case study.
The Afro-Arabian rift system.
Case study.
The Gregory rift system.
Probing questions.
Detailed discussion.
Assignment.

Map: The Afro-Arabian rift system.
Map / chart: Kenyan?s rift system and the associated highlands.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGE 21
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 21-22

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Vulcanicity and Earthquakes. Definitions associated with vulcanicity and volcanicity.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Differentiate between vulcanicity and volcanicity.
Differentiate between intrusive and extrusive features.

Exposition of new concepts & brief discussion.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 24-25

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Intrusive features.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify various intrusive features.
Explain formation of various intrusive features.
Illustrate intrusive features with labelled diagrams.

Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 32-34

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Extrusive features.
Types of volcanoes.
Distribution of volcanoes and volcanic features.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify various extrusive volcanic features.
Illustrate extrusive volcanic features with labelled diagrams.
State the three types of volcanoes.

Identify volcanic regions in Kenya and in Africa.

Give examples of extrusive features in Africa. Discussion.
Assignment.
Q/A & discussion on types of volcanoes.
Assignment: table showing types and examples of volcanoes in the World.
Drawing map of Kenya & Africa and showing the distribution of volcanoes and volcanic features.

Pictures in various textbooks.
Maps: Volcanic regions in Kenya, Africa and in the World.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 25-27
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 30-35

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Positive influences of vulcanicity.
Negative influences of vulcanicity.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain ways in which vulcanicity is beneficial to man.
Highlight negative influences of vulcanicity.

Q/A and detailed discussion.
Q/A, detailed discussion and assignment.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
35-36

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Earthquakes. Definitions associated with earthquakes.
Causes of earthquakes.
Types of earthquakes and waves. Measurement of earthquakes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give definitions associated with earthquakes.
Describe human and natural causes of earthquakes.

Describe primary and secondary seismic waves.
Identify scales used to determine the intensity and magnitude of an earthquake.

Q/A definition of earthquake, shockwaves.
Exposition of new terms:
Seismology, epicentre, focus, tsunamis, tremors.
Drawing relevant diagrams.
Q/A to review tectonic movements, vulcanicity.
Probing questions leading to causes of earthquakes.
Q/A: human activities that may cause tremors.
Brief discussion: primary and secondary waves.
Exposition of basic terms:
Mercalli scale and Richter scale.
Open discussion.

Illustrative diagrams.
Newspaper extracts on intensity and magnitude of earthquakes.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGE 37
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 38-39

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Effects of earthquakes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Outline effects of earthquakes & tremors.

Q/A and brief discussion.

Newspaper cuttings outlining effects of earthquakes.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
40-41

MAP WORK

Direction and Bearing. Methods of showing direction.
Compass Bearing.
True Bearing.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Distinguish between direction and bearing.
Outline some traditional and modern methods of showing direction.
Define bearing of a point.
Determine the compass bearings of given points on a map.

Find the true bearing of a point from another point.

Q/A and brief discussion.
Diagram of 16 points of the compass.
Oral exercise.
Brain storming;
Class exercise.

Pair of compasses & protractors.
Pair of compasses protractors.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
42-43
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
44-45