MAP WORK

Direction and Bearing. Methods of showing direction.
Compass Bearing.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Distinguish between direction and bearing.
Outline some traditional and modern methods of showing direction.
Define bearing of a point.
Determine the compass bearings of given points on a map.

Q/A and brief discussion.
Diagram of 16 points of the compass.
Oral exercise.

Pair of compasses & protractors.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
42-43

MAP WORK

True Bearing.
Calculation of grid bearing.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Find the true bearing of a point from another point.
Find the grid bearing of a point from another point.

Brain storming;
Class exercise.
Exposition.

Pair of compasses protractors.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
44-45

MAP WORK

Determination of magnetic bearing.
Locating places using latitudes and longitudes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine magnetic bearing given the grid bearing.
Locate position of places using latitude and longitudes.

Q/A: conversion of minutes and seconds to degrees.
Exposition: calculating magnetic variation.
Worked examples.
Exercise: locating position of places using latitude and longitudes.

Topographical maps.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
44-45

MAP WORK

Locating places using four- figure grid references.
Locating places using six-figure grid references.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give the four-figure grid reference of points on map.
Give the six-figure grid reference of points on map.

Q/A identifying easting and nor things.
Guided exercise
Q/A: identifying eastings and northings.
Guided exercise.
Assignment.

Chart: grid reference system.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
48-49

MAP WORK

Representing relief using spot heights and trigonometric stations.
Contours and forms lines.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term land relief.
Identify spot heights & trigonometric stations on a map.
Define contours and forms lines.
Identify Contours and forms lines

Q/A: review six-figure reference.
Definition of land relief.
Brief discussion.
Exposition: new terms.
Q/A: Contour interval, vertical height.
Exercise: estimating height-using contours.

Atlases or topographical maps.
Topographical maps.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
49-51

MAP WORK

Methods of representing relief.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain use of pictorials, hachures, hill shading and layer tinting to represent relief.
State advantages and disadvantages of each method.

Exposition, Q/A and brief discussions.
Assignment.

Textbooks pictures.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
53

PHOTOGRAPH WORK.

Ground photographs. Aerial photographs.
Parts of a photograph.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Distinguish between ground close-ups and ground oblique photographs.
Distinguish between general oblique and vertical aerial photographs.
Identify horizontal and vertical divisions of a photograph.

Exposition of new concepts & brief discussion.
Divide a photograph into nine parts then mark them accordingly.
Q/A : Identifying features in each division.

Illustrative diagrams.
Photographs.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
55-57

PHOTOGRAPH WORK.

Uses of photographs & Limitations of photographs.
Interpretation of photographs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State uses of photographs.
Highlight limitations in the use of photographs.
Explain what interpretation of photographs entails.

Q/A and discussion.
Class exercise: estimating the time and season when the photograph was taken, direction and sizes of features.

Photographs.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGE 59

PHOTOGRAPH WORK.

Human activities on photographs.
Industrial activities, mining activities & forms of transport.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify various human activities on a photograph.
Identify industrial and mining activities & forms of transport in a photograph.

Oral questions on types of farming and supportive evidence.
Written exercise.
Oral questions on presence of industrial and mining activities & modes of transport and communication.

Photographs.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGE 61

PHOTOGRAPH WORK.
STATISTICAL METHODS.

Sketching diagrams from photographs.
Comparative line graphs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Sketch diagrams from parts of photographs.
Construct comparative line graphs.
State advantages and disadvantages of comparative line graphs.

Teacher highlights the steps to be followed.
Supervised exercise &
written exercise.
Q/A: review methods of presenting statistical data.
Activity: construct a comparative line graph.
Assignment.

Photographs.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGE 61

STATISTICAL METHODS.

Comparative bar graphs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Construct comparative bar graphs.
State advantages and disadvantages of comparative bar graphs.

Q/A: review methods of presenting statistical data.
Activity: construct a comparative bar graph.
Assignment.

Chart ?
Comparative bar graphs.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
65-67

STATISTICAL METHODS.

Divided bars & Divided rectangles.
Analysis of statistical tables.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Present statistical data using divided bars and rectangles.
State advantages and disadvantages of divided rectangles.
Analyse data in statistical tables.

Exposition.
Supervised practice.
Oral questions.
Table analysis.
Assignment.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
67-69

KENYA?S CLIMATIC REGIONS.

Definition of weather, climate and elements of weather.
Factors influencing climate. - latitude, altitude and continentality.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define climate.
Define weather.
Identify elements of weather.
Explain the influence of latitude, altitude and continentality on the climate of an area.

Brain storming.
Q/A & brief discussion.
Exposition, Q/A & discussion.

Diagrams and maps.
Combined temperature rainfall diagrams.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGE 70

KENYA?S CLIMATIC REGIONS.

Factors influencing climate. - aspect and ocean currents.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the influence of aspect and ocean currents on the climate of an area.

Exposition of new aspects & brief discussion.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
70-73

KENYA?S CLIMATIC REGIONS.

Factors influencing climate. -wind and air masses & configuration of the coastline.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the influence of wind and air masses & configuration of the coastline on the climate of an area.

Exposition of new concepts, oral questions & discussion.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
73-74

KENYA?S CLIMATIC REGIONS.

ITCZ
Forests & microclimate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term ITCZ.
Explain the effect of shifting of the ITCZ on the climate of a zone.
Define the term microclimate.
Explain the effects of forests on climate of area.

Exposition of new concepts.
Explanations.
Q/A & discussion.

Map of Africa: the ITCZ and prevailing winds.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK 74

KENYA?S CLIMATIC REGIONS.

Description of climate.
Climate regions of Kenya. Modified equatorial climate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe climate using aPagesropriate terminology.
Identify regions that experience Modified equatorial climate.
Describe Modified equatorial climate.

Tables: general terms and the corresponding statistical data.
Exercise: rainfall ?temperature graphs.
Detailed discussion.

Map of Kenya: climatic regions rainfall-temperature graphs.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK page 76

KENYA?S CLIMATIC REGIONS.

Tropical climate & tropical Northern climate.
Desert climate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the modified tropical climate.
Identify regions that experience modified tropical
Identify regions that experience Modified tropical climate.

Detailed discussion
Detailed discussion & assignment.

Map of Kenya: climatic regions rainfall-temperature graphs.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGE 78

CLIMATE (2) WORLD CLIMATIC REGIONS.

Equatorial climate.
Equatorial monsoon.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State characteristics of equatorial climate.
State characteristics of equatorial monsoon.

Exposition of new concepts, explanations and Q/A.
Assignment: rainfall-temperature graphs.
Assignment: rainfall-temperature graphs

Maps: world climatic regions.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
79-80

CLIMATE (2) WORLD CLIMATIC REGIONS.

Tropical monsoon.
Tropical marine & Tropical continental.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State characteristics of tropical monsoon.
State characteristics of tropical marine & tropical continental.

Exposition of new concepts, explanations and Q/A.
Assignment: rainfall-temperature graphs.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 80-81

CLIMATE (2) WORLD CLIMATIC REGIONS.

Tropical Desert climate.
Warm climates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State characteristics of tropical desert climate.
Identify types of warm climates.
State characteristics of warm climates.

Exposition of new concepts, explanations and Q/A.
Assignment: rainfall-temperature graphs.
Assignment: rainfall-temperature graphs

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK  PAGE 83

CLIMATE (2) WORLD CLIMATIC REGIONS.

Cool & cold climates.
Mountain climates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of cool climates.
State characteristics of cool climates.
State characteristics of mountain climates.

Exposition of new concepts, explanations and Q/A.
Assignment: rainfall-temperature graphs.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 84-86

CLIMATE (2) WORLD CLIMATIC REGIONS.
VEGETATION 1 VEGETATION ZONES.

Microclimates.
Categories of vegetation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify human activities largely responsible for development of local climates.
Define the term vegetation.
Identify the three categories of vegetation.

Brief discussion.
Assignment.
Exposition and Q/A.

Photographs of various types of forests.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK pg 93

VEGETATION 1 VEGETATION ZONES.

Influence of topographical factors on vegetation.
Influence of climatic factors on vegetation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the Influence of topographical factors on vegetation.
Explain the Influence of climatic factors on vegetation.

Discussion & Q/A.
Probing questions & Discussion.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
100-101

VEGETATION 1 VEGETATION ZONES.

Influence of edaphic factors on vegetation.
Biotic factors.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term edaphic.
Explain the influence of biotic factors on vegetation modification and /or destruction.

Exposition of new concepts.
Q/A on physical and properties of soil.
Brief discussion.
Q/A: review microclimate.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
102-103

VEGETATION 1 VEGETATION ZONES.

Vegetation in Kenya.
Mountain vegetation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe forest, vegetation & savanna vegetation in Kenya.
Outline types of mountain vegetation.
State characteristics of various types of mountain vegetation.
Identify locations of mountain vegetation.
State uses of mountain vegetation.

Q/A and discussion.
Q/A & elaborate discussion.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
104-105

VEGETATION 1 VEGETATION ZONES.
FORESTRY

Field work on vegetation.
Natural and planted forests.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Carry out a fieldwork on vegetation.
Differentiate between natural and planted forests.

Q/A: review the procedures followed in carrying out a field study.
Carry out the field study on vegetation.
Q/A: definition of a forest.
Discussion: natural and planted forests; indigenous and exotic forests.

Photographs: natural and derived forests.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
123-124

FORESTRY

Types of natural forests.
Importance of forests and forests? products.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe types of natural forests.
State characteristics of trees in particular types of forests.
Identify importance of forests and forests? products.

Q/A & descriptive aPagesroach.
Q/A & discussion: economic, environmental, cultural values of forests.

Photographs: vegetation in various types of forests.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
127-128

FORESTRY

Problems facing forestry in Kenya.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify the problems facing forestry in Kenya.

Q/A & detailed discussion.

Newspaper cuttings & photographs illustrating some problems facing forestry in Kenya.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGE 130

FORESTRY

Management and conservation of forests.
Softwood forests in Kenya and Canada.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe management and conservation practices carried out in Kenya.
State the importance of management and conservation of forests.
Compare and contrast development of softwood forests in Kenya and in Canada.
Identify factors favouring / militating against exploitation of softwoods in both countries.
Identify benefits of softwoods.

Discussion: measures taken to manage and conserve forests and their importance.

Map ? location of Canada.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
130-131

STATISTICAL METHODS.

Compound / Cumulative Bar Graphs.
Compound / Cumulative Bar Graphs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight steps followed when constructing compound / cumulative bar graphs
Interpret compound/ cumulative bar graphs.
State advantages and disadvantages of compound/ cumulative bar graphs.

Q/A to review basic statistical concepts, simple bar graphs;
Exposition of steps followed when constructing compound e bar graphs.
Probing questions & brief discussion.

Certificate Geography
Book III
Pg 1-2

STATISTICAL METHODS.

Simple Pie charts (Divided Circle). - construction.
Simple Pie charts (Divided Circle). - interpretation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Construct simple pie charts.
Interpret simple pie charts
State advantages and disadvantages of simple pie charts.

Students determine value of angles for the variables.
Guided activity &
Brief discussion.
Guided discovery;
Written exercise.

Calculators.

Certificate Geography
Book III
Pg 14

STATISTICAL METHODS.
MAP WORK.

Proportional circles.
Terms used & precautions observed when describing physical features & human activities.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Construct proportional circles.
Identify terms used to describe physical features & human activities represented in a map.
Outline precautions observed when describing physical features & human activities.

Guided discovery;
Written exercise.
Oral questions & detailed discussion.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Geography
Book III
Pg 10-11

MAP WORK.

Physical features.
Relief features.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify physical features.
Identify relief features on a map.

Brain storming on
features on topographical maps.
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.
Locating relief features;

Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 16-19

MAP WORK.

Land forms.
Watersheds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify landforms on a topographical map using contours.
Identify types of vegetation on a topographical map.
Identify watersheds on a map.

Q/A & brief discussion;
Supervised practical activity.
Locating watersheds;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 18-21

MAP WORK.

Vegetation.
Vegetation cover.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of vegetation.
Interpret vegetation cover in terms of amount of rainfall received in the area, and the types of soils in the area.

Q/A & brief discussion: rolling, dissected, hilly landforms & valleys.
Locate forests, thickets, and riverine trees on a map.
Deduce amount of rainfall received and the likely types of soils in specific parts of an area.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 25

MAP WORK.

Drainage.
Drainage patterns.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify natural /artificial hydrographic features in a map.
Make deductions from the hydrographic features evident on the drainage of a given section in a map.
Describe drainage patterns of an area represented by a map.

Detailed discussion on drainage of sections in the map.
Deduce amount of rainfall received and nature of underground rocks, etc.
Oral questions & brief discussion.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 27-30

MAP WORK.

Drainage features.
Human and economic activities: Crop farming, livestock rearing & Mining & fishing.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify drainage features on a map.
Describe formation of drainage features.
Outline economic importance of drainage features.
Identify clues on a map that indicate presence of crop farming and livestock rearing.
Identify clues on a map that indicate presence of mining and fishing.

Brief discussion & Q/A.
Q/A & practical activities.
Group activities.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 30-31

MAP WORK.

Manufacturing, Processing & Tourism.
Settlement and administration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify clues on a map that indicate manufacturing, processing and tourism in an area.
Outline factors influencing settlement.
Identify types of settlement patterns.
Identify symbols for administrative boundaries.

Q/A & practical activities.
Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions and discussion.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 32-33

MAP WORK.

Transport & Communication.
Enlargement & Reduction of maps.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify modes of transport & communication of an area as depicted in a topographical map.
Enlarge / reduce a map or a section of a map using the square method.

Practical activities.
Brief discussion.
Explanations & practical activities.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 35

MAP WORK.

Sections and profiles.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term section as used in mapwork.
Explain importance of sections in interpreting maps.
Draw various types of sections and profiles.

Exposition & brief discussion.

Guided practical activities.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 41-44

MAP WORK.
WEATHERING

Vertical Exaggeration (VE), Gradient & Intervisibility.
Definition & Agents of weathering.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate VE of a map.
Determine the steepness of a slope between two given points.
Determine whether two points in a map are intervisible.
Define weathering.
Identify agents of weathering.
Explain factors that influence weathering.

Guided calculations.
Guided practical activities.
Practical activity to determine intervisibility.
Brain storming;
Q/A & detailed discussion.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 45-47

WEATHERING

Physical weathering.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define physical weathering.
Explain major forms of physical weathering.

Oral questions, brief discussion.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 55-59

WEATHERING

Chemical weathering.
Biological weathering. Importance of weathering.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain ways in which chemical weathering takes place.
Identify agents of biological weathering.
Explain importance of weathering.

Probing questions & discussion.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 60-61

MASS WASTING.

Factors influencing mass wasting.
Slow mass wasting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term mass wasting & mass movement.
Explain factors that influence mass wasting.
Describe slow processes of mass wasting.

Q/A: review weathering.
Discussion: factors affecting nature or speed of mass wasting & movement.
Discussion: soil creep & talus creep.
Q/A: factors that may trigger slow mass wasting.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 64-66